11
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/political-manifestos
понедельник, 31 марта 2025 г.
понедельник, 24 марта 2025 г.
25.03
Subject: Clarification on Liability Clauses in Recent Agreement
Dear [Recipient’s Name],
I hope this message finds you well.
I am writing in regard to the recent agreement signed between our companies on [Date], specifically regarding the liability clauses outlined in Section [X]. I have reviewed the contract and have some concerns about the scope of liability in the event of unforeseen damages.
Could you please clarify your understanding of this clause? From my perspective, it seems there may be an ambiguity regarding the extent of the responsibilities each party holds. I would appreciate it if you could confirm whether your interpretation aligns with mine or if we need to make adjustments for further clarity.
I would appreciate your feedback at your earliest convenience. It is important that we address this matter promptly to ensure both parties are fully aligned moving forward.
Looking forward to your response.
Best regards,
[Your Full Name]
[Your Position]
[Your Company Name]
[Your Contact Information]
Quiz: Understanding Legal Correspondence in English
1. What is the main purpose of this email?
a) To introduce a new legal agreement
b) To clarify the understanding of liability clauses in an agreement
c) To discuss the terms of payment in a contract
d) To inform about a breach of contract
2. In the sentence, “I have reviewed the contract and have some concerns about the scope of liability,” what does the word “scope” mean?
a) A brief summary
b) A detailed description
c) The range or extent
d) The cost or value
3. What does the sender want the recipient to do in this email?
a) Sign the agreement
b) Confirm the interpretation of the liability clauses
c) Create a new contract
d) Provide a report on the contract
4. In formal business communication, which phrase is appropriate to express appreciation for the recipient’s response?
a) “I’ll wait for your reply later.”
b) “Please answer as soon as you can.”
c) “Your prompt response will be highly valued.”
d) “I need an immediate reply.”
5. Which of the following is the best definition of “aligned” in the sentence, “It is important that we address this matter promptly to ensure both parties are fully aligned moving forward”?
a) Physically placed side by side
b) In agreement or coordination
c) Positioned at the same level
d) Connected by mutual interest
6. What does the sender ask for in the final part of the email?
a) A meeting to discuss the issues
b) Feedback or clarification on the liability clauses
c) The recipient’s opinion on the contract terms
d) A legal opinion from a lawyer
7. Which phrase from the email indicates that the sender expects the issue to be resolved quickly?
a) “Looking forward to your response.”
b) “I would appreciate it if you could confirm.”
c) “It is important that we address this matter promptly.”
d) “Could you please clarify your understanding?”
8. Which formal phrase is used in the email to express that the sender is waiting for the recipient’s reply?
a) “Looking forward to your response.”
b) “Let me know as soon as possible.”
c) “I will wait for your feedback.”
d) “Please reply when convenient.”
12. Transform the sentence to make it more formal:
Can you tell me if you agree with my interpretation of the clause?
14. Fill in the gap with the correct preposition:
I am writing ____ regard to the recent agreement signed between our companies.
17. Correct the following sentence:
It is important that we address this matter promptly to ensure both parties is fully aligned.
19. Fill in the gap with the appropriate word:
I look forward ____ your response.
четверг, 20 марта 2025 г.
20.03.2025
Text Message Conversation:
Alex: Yo, you ghosting me or what? Haven’t heard a peep from you in days. Thought we were grabbing drinks last night—left me hanging, man.
Sam: Chill, dude. Life’s been a madhouse. Work’s got me running around like a headless chicken, and my car decided to bite the dust at the worst possible time. Total nightmare.
Alex: Rough luck. Should’ve hit me up—I could’ve given you a lift. You know I always got your back. Anyway, spill the tea—what’s the deal with that job interview? You ace it or crash and burn?
Sam: Let’s just say it was a rollercoaster. Started off smooth, then they threw a curveball, and I totally blanked. But hey, fingers crossed they don’t hold it against me.
⸻
Quiz:
1. What does “ghosting” mean in the context of Alex’s message?
a) Ignoring someone intentionally
b) Being too busy to reply
c) Haunting a place
2. What does “bite the dust” mean in Sam’s message?
a) Become outdated
b) Stop working or break down
c) Improve suddenly
3. What does “spill the tea” mean?
a) Tell a secret or gossip
b) Make a mess
c) Avoid a topic
4. What does “threw a curveball” mean?
a) Gave an unexpected challenge
b) Made an easy question difficult
c) Encouraged someone
5. What does “fingers crossed” imply in Sam’s last message?
a) He is worried
b) He hopes for a good outcome
c) He regrets his actions
Choose the best word for each space.
If you think that people’s hobbies are getting weirder, think again. Modern hobbies are tame compared to some of the things people 
in the past. Here are just a few.
These days, everyone knows how to with photographs to make them look different from real life. Trick photography goes back many years before the days of Photoshop. Back in the late 1800s, when photography was in its , people used to enjoy posing with their families in headless photographs. Otherwise serious family portraits would feature a typical family in their best Sunday clothes, except that the father would be an axe, mother would be headless and a child would be holding mama’s head . The effect was achieved by layering the images of different photo negatives on top of each other. Judging by the sheer number of such pictures out there, it was a pretty common a century or so ago.
Another favourite family day out in nineteenth century Paris was a visit to the city morgue. A glass-walled, refrigerated room was set up a short walk from the Cathedral of Notre Dame originally so that the public could identify the bodies of the dead. However, it became a huge with as many as 40,000 visitors per day – similar to the numbers who visit Disney World today. The morgue was in all the Paris guide books, and was popular for nearly 50 years until it eventually closed in 1907.
All in all, the today’s free-time pursuits seem positively tame compared to those of our ancestors!
понедельник, 10 марта 2025 г.
Instructions: Choose the best word or phrase to describe the futuristic office space. Some questions may have more than one correct answer.
Part 1: Multiple Choice (Choose the best answer)
1. The office is bathed in _________ lighting, which gives it a sleek, high-tech feel.
(a) sterile fluorescent, (b) moody neon, (c) dim candlelight, (d) flickering halogen)
2. The seating is designed to be _____, letting people move things around easily to suit their needs.
(a) stiff, (b) modular, (c) oversized, (d) fixed)
3. The huge interactive screens and digital workstations make the place feell.
Futuris
(a) cutting-edge, (b) next-level, (c) stuffy, (d) outdated)
4. The brainstorming session is buzzing with energy—people are throwing around ideas in a _____ way.
(a) rigid, (b) free-flowing, (c) mechanical, (d) predictable)
5. The whole setup screams _________—a place where creativity and technology fuel each other.
(a) stagnation, (b) dynamism, (c) monotony, (d) redundancy)
Part 2: Fill in the Blanks
6. The workstations have _____ designs, curving around in sleek, fluid shapes instead of the usual straight lines. (Hint: modern and futuristic, not boxy)
7. The holographic screens aren’t just cool-looking—they make the whole workflow feele Vocabular (Hint: effortless, intuitive, smooth)
8. The vibe here is a perfect mix of *_________ and practicality—everything looks like it belongs in a sci-fi movie, but it actually works really well. (Hint: ultra-modern and exciting, like something from the future)
Part 3: Sentence Transformation
Rephrase the following sentences using more vivid and natural advanced vocabulary.
9. The employees are using interactive screens to brainstorm ideas.
→ The employees are bouncing ideas around usingt a sleek, displays.
10. The design of the office makes it easy for teams to work together and share ideas.
→ The office’s _____ layout makes collaboration feel totally natural.
пятница, 7 марта 2025 г.
07,03,2025
Email 1: Inquiry About Legal Risks in Business
Subject: Legal Risks in Business: Seeking Expert Advice
Dear [Lawyer’s Name],
I hope this email finds you well. As a business owner, I am constantly navigating various legal complexities, and I want to ensure that my company operates within the framework of current laws and regulations.
Recently, I have been particularly concerned about potential legal risks in business, especially regarding contract enforcement, liability issues, and regulatory compliance. Given your expertise in corporate law, I would greatly appreciate your insights on the following:
1. What are the most common legal pitfalls that small and medium-sized businesses face?
2. How can we minimize the risk of contract disputes with clients and suppliers?
3. What steps should we take to ensure full compliance with recent corporate regulations?
If possible, I would love to schedule a brief consultation at your convenience to discuss these matters in more detail. Please let me know your availability or if there are any preliminary resources you would recommend.
Looking forward to your guidance.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
[Your Company]
[Your Contact Information]
1. The phrase “navigating various legal complexities” most closely means:
a) Ignoring legal issues
b) Carefully dealing with legal challenges
c) Making legal problems disappear
d) Filing lawsuits against legal problems
2. The expression “ensuring that my company operates within the framework of current laws” suggests:
a) Complying with legal regulations
b) Challenging outdated laws
c) Changing laws to fit company policies
d) Creating a personal legal system
3. In legal English, “contract enforcement” refers to:
a) The process of making contracts stronger
b) The legal mechanisms ensuring contractual obligations are fulfilled
c) The act of writing contracts more clearly
d) A company’s right to ignore certain contractual terms
4. “Given your expertise in corporate law, I would greatly appreciate your insights on the following:”
Which alternative preserves the meaning while using a more formal legal tone?
a) “Since you are well-versed in corporate law, kindly provide me with insights on the following matters.”
b) “Because of your corporate law knowledge, can you tell me about the following?”
c) “Owing to the depth of your expertise in corporate law, I am eager to solicit your esteemed guidance on the matters enumerated below.”
d) “You know corporate law, so can you help?”
5. “What steps should we take to ensure full compliance with recent corporate regulations?”
Identify the grammatically correct rewording that maintains the original intent:
a) “By what means may we undertake actions to align comprehensively with the latest corporate regulations?”
b) “What are the things we need to do so that we do not break the new rules?”
c) “We must comply with the latest corporate regulations, but what should we do about it?”
d) “Could you inform us of what to do for corporate regulations?”
Lawyer’s Response
Subject: Re: Legal Risks in Business: Seeking Expert Advice
Dear [Your Name],
Thank you for reaching out regarding legal risks in business. You are absolutely right to take a proactive approach, as many businesses face unforeseen legal challenges that could easily be mitigated with proper precautions.
To address your concerns:
1. Common legal pitfalls include poorly drafted contracts, non-compliance with industry regulations, and inadequate dispute resolution mechanisms. These can lead to financial losses, reputational damage, or even litigation.
2. To minimize contract disputes, it’s essential to have clear, well-defined agreements with precise terms. Ensuring that all parties understand their obligations and including a dispute resolution clause can prevent conflicts.
3. Regulatory compliance requires staying informed about legal updates. I recommend regular legal audits and seeking professional legal counsel when implementing major business decisions.
I would be happy to discuss these topics further. Let me know a time that works for you, and we can schedule a consultation. In the meantime, I will send over a legal checklist that may help assess your current risk level.
Looking forward to assisting you.
Best regards,
[Lawyer’s Name]
[Law Firm Name]
[Contact Information]
Quiz: Comprehension of Lawyer’s Response Email
1. What are the three main legal pitfalls the lawyer mentions that businesses commonly face?
a) Poor customer service, fraud, and low-quality products
b) Poorly drafted contracts, non-compliance with industry regulations, and inadequate dispute resolution mechanisms
c) Lack of employees, low profits, and failure to innovate
2. According to the lawyer, what is the best way to minimize contract disputes?
a) Have a clear, well-defined agreement with precise terms
b) Avoid including any dispute resolution clauses in contracts
c) Allow for flexible terms based on future negotiations
3. What does the lawyer suggest businesses should do to ensure regulatory compliance?
a) Stay informed about legal updates
b) Wait for government inspections
c) Ignore industry regulations if they are costly
4. What does the lawyer recommend businesses do before making major business decisions?
a) Speak to clients and suppliers
b) Seek professional legal counsel
c) Cut costs to save money
5. What additional resource will the lawyer send to the business owner?
a) A list of suppliers
b) A legal checklist to assess risk level
c) A contract template
6. What is the lawyer’s tone in the email?
a) Indifferent
b) Proactive and helpful
c) Formal and distant
7. What does the lawyer offer to do after addressing the concerns in the email?
a) Schedule a consultation
b) Send more emails on the same topic
c) Offer free services
1. The phrase “navigating various legal complexities” most closely means:
a) Ignoring legal issues
b) Carefully dealing with legal challenges
c) Making legal problems disappear
d) Filing lawsuits against legal problems
2. The expression “ensuring that my company operates within the framework of current laws” suggests:
a) Complying with legal regulations
b) Challenging outdated laws
c) Changing laws to fit company policies
d) Creating a personal legal system
3. In legal English, “contract enforcement” refers to:
a) The process of making contracts stronger
b) The legal mechanisms ensuring contractual obligations are fulfilled
c) The act of writing contracts more clearly
d) A company’s right to ignore certain contractual terms
4. “Given your expertise in corporate law, I would greatly appreciate your insights on the following:”
Which alternative preserves the meaning while using a more formal legal tone?
a) “Since you are well-versed in corporate law, kindly provide me with insights on the following matters.”
b) “Because of your corporate law knowledge, can you tell me about the following?”
c) “Owing to the depth of your expertise in corporate law, I am eager to solicit your esteemed guidance on the matters enumerated below.”
d) “You know corporate law, so can you help?”
5. “What steps should we take to ensure full compliance with recent corporate regulations?”
Identify the grammatically correct rewording that maintains the original intent:
a) “By what means may we undertake actions to align comprehensively with the latest corporate regulations?”
b) “What are the things we need to do so that we do not break the new rules?”
c) “We must comply with the latest corporate regulations, but what should we do about it?”
d) “Could you inform us of what to do for corporate regulations?”
Section 3: Advanced Grammar & Negation (Choose the correct answer)
6. “If possible, I would love to schedule a brief consultation at your convenience.”
Which of the following rewordings includes a double negation while maintaining the original meaning?
a) “Were it not for scheduling conflicts, I would not be unwilling to arrange a brief consultation at your earliest convenience.”
b) “Should it be convenient, I will not refuse to organize a consultation.”
c) “If no inconvenience arises, I shan’t be averse to setting up a consultation.”
d) “If possible, I’d love to meet.”
7. “Please let me know your availability or if there are any preliminary resources you would recommend.”
Which form of inversion makes this sentence more formal?
a) “Let me know, please, your availability, or whether you recommend any preliminary resources.”
b) “Your availability, do let me know, or whether any preliminary resources there are to recommend.”
c) “Do let me know what your availability is, or if there exist any preliminary resources you might recommend.”
d) “Your availability I request you to provide, along with resources preliminary to be suggested by you.”
понедельник, 3 марта 2025 г.
04.03.2025 (1/2)
https://www.examenglish.com/FCE/fce_listening3_test2.htm
Subject: Legal Compliance Review for Upcoming Contract
Dear Mr. Thompson,
I hope this email finds you well.
As we proceed with the finalization of our contractual agreement with our new business partner, we would like to request a comprehensive legal review to ensure full compliance with both domestic regulations and international trade laws. Given the complexity of the terms involved, your expertise in corporate law and regulatory compliance will be invaluable in identifying any potential legal risks.
Could you please review the attached draft contract and provide your professional assessment by next Wednesday? Additionally, if you foresee any clauses that may require renegotiation or modification to mitigate legal exposure, kindly highlight them accordingly.
We appreciate your time and look forward to your insights. Please let me know if you require any additional information.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Your Company]
[Your Contact Information]
Quiz Based on the Email
1. What is the main purpose of the email?
a) To introduce a new legal service
b) To request a legal compliance review of a contract
c) To negotiate a new business partnership
d) To invite Mr. Thompson to a corporate event
2. Which specific areas of law does the sender mention in relation to the contract?
a) Employment law
b) Corporate law and regulatory compliance
c) Intellectual property law
d) Criminal law
3. What is the deadline for the requested legal review?
a) By the end of the month
b) Next Monday
c) Next Wednesday
d) No specific deadline is given
4. What action does the sender request from the recipient?
a) To sign the contract immediately
b) To provide a list of new business partners
c) To review the contract and highlight potential legal risks
d) To draft an entirely new agreement
5. What additional information does the sender offer to provide if necessary?
a) A summary of past legal cases
b) More details about the contract
c) A list of international trade laws
d) Financial statements of the company
Below are four informal email summaries. Match each one with the correct explanation.
Informal Summaries:
A. Hey Tom, I’ve attached a contract. Please read it and tell me what you think. Bye!
B. Hi Tom, Hope you’re doing great! We’ve got a new business deal coming up, and I need your legal eye on the contract. Could you check if everything’s in order and flag any issues? Would be great to get your thoughts by Wednesday. Cheers!
C. Tom, We need legal approval on something. Check the attachment and reply when you can.
D. Hi Tom, Can you draft a new contract for our business deal? I need it by next week. Let me know.
Explanations:
1. Too vague – Doesn’t explain what needs to be checked or provide context.
2. Too short and unclear – Lacks details about the request and deadline.
3. Ideal summary – Clearly states the purpose, deadline, and request in a friendly tone.
4. Changes the request – Asks for something different from the original email.
Подписаться на:
Сообщения (Atom)
1 [teacher to school kids] Who broke the window? We are not leaving this room until someone shows up catches up owns up draws up ....
-
Academic Reading Test 1. Section 1👇 Aphantasia: A life without mental images Close your eyes and imagine walking along a sandy beach and ...
-
Examples My grandparents have been married for 50 years. I got a standby ticket. The band played until midnight. I left my handbag ...
-
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/unless-even-if-provided-as-long-conditionals/? http://www.blairenglish.com/exercises/ema...
